{"id":2162,"date":"2022-03-29T12:34:56","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T12:34:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/sem-categoria\/terapia-hormonal-de-substituicao-ths\/"},"modified":"2023-04-11T19:33:48","modified_gmt":"2023-04-11T19:33:48","slug":"terapia-hormonal-de-substituicao-ths","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/procedimentos-de-exposicao-medica\/terapia-hormonal-de-substituicao-ths\/","title":{"rendered":"Terapia hormonal de substitui\u00e7\u00e3o (THS)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container claim-key-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0 0 1px 0;border-color:#002b5f;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_4_5 4_5 fusion-flex-column claim-key-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 claim-key-content\"><p><img class=\"alignleft wp-image-167\" src=\"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/true.svg\" alt=\"C\u00edrculo verde com ponto de interroga\u00e7\u00e3o no interior\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/> Muito provavelmente ou definitivamente verdadeiro<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignleft wp-image-166\" src=\"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/false.svg\" alt=\"C\u00edrculo vermelho com X no interior\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>Falso\/ desinforma\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignleft wp-image-168\" src=\"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/unsure.svg\" alt=\"C\u00edrculo cinzento com ponto de interroga\u00e7\u00e3o no interior\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>Ainda n\u00e3o temos a certeza<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:80% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 2.4%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 2.4%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:80% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 2.4%;margin-left : 2.4%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column claim-key-button-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><style>.fusion-button.button-1{border-radius:50px 50px 50px 50px;}<\/style><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type claim-key-button\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/pesquisar-no-factfinder\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text\">Altere ou aperfei\u00e7oe a pesquisa<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:20% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 9.6%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 9.6%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:20% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 9.6%;margin-left : 9.6%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-1{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#e2e2e2;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h2 id=\"enter-claim-here\">A terapia hormonal de substitui\u00e7\u00e3o provoca cancro<\/h2>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3 factfinder-entry-text\"><h3 id=\"what-you-may-have-heard\">O que pode ter ouvido<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As mulheres que fazem terapia hormonal de substitui\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00eam maior risco de desenvolver cancro da mama. <\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"what-science-tells-us\">O que nos diz a ci\u00eancia<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Existem v\u00e1rios tipos de terapia hormonal de substitui\u00e7\u00e3o (THS), incluindo apenas estrog\u00e9nio, estrog\u00eanio + progestina (combinada) ou terapias hormonais de substitui\u00e7\u00e3o bioid\u00eanticas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Estrog\u00e9nio.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Embora a terapia hormonal de substitui\u00e7\u00e3o apenas com estrog\u00e9nio melhore os sintomas da menopausa e possa diminuir o risco de cancro da mama em pessoas sem historial familiar de cancro da mama, aumenta o risco de cancro do endom\u00e9trio (revestimento do \u00fatero) (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/cancer-causes\/medical-treatments\/menopausal-hormone-replacement-therapy-and-cancer-risk.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ACS<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). O risco de cancro do endom\u00e9trio mant\u00e9m-se mais elevado do que o normal, mesmo ap\u00f3s a interrup\u00e7\u00e3o da terapia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Estrog\u00e9nio + progestina (combinada)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Tamb\u00e9m pode tratar os sintomas da menopausa com terapia de estrog\u00e9nio e progestina, conhecida como terapia hormonal combinada. Quanto mais tempo a THS for usada, maior o risco. O risco volta ao normal dentro de tr\u00eas anos ap\u00f3s a interrup\u00e7\u00e3o das hormonas, pelo que h\u00e1 uma vantagem em interromper a THS se a mulher j\u00e1 tiver iniciado o tratamento.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Terapia hormonal bioid\u00eantica.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Esta terapia hormonal utiliza hormonas que cont\u00eam estrog\u00e9nio e progesterona com as mesmas estruturas qu\u00edmicas que as encontradas naturalmente no corpo. <\/span><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"epidemiological-evidence\">Evid\u00eancias epidemiol\u00f3gicas<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A progestina na terapia hormonal combinada reduz o risco de cancro do endom\u00e9trico que \u00e9 conferido pelo estrog\u00e9nio. No entanto, o estudo da Women&#8217;s Health Initiative mostrou que as mulheres que recorrem \u00e0 terapia hormonal combinada t\u00eam maior risco de cancro da mama e cancro dos ov\u00e1rios. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/hormones\/mht-fact-sheet\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(NCI)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. O Million Women Study tamb\u00e9m encontrou um aumento no risco de cancro da mama na terapia combinada de estrog\u00e9nio e progestina <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15351099\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Clarkson et al.)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Embora a terapia hormonal bioid\u00eantica seja comercializada como uma alternativa mais segura, nenhum estudo concluiu que as mulheres que tomam hormonas bioid\u00eanticas t\u00eam efeitos colaterais menos graves (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/hormones\/mht-fact-sheet\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCI)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. As hormonas bioid\u00eanticas t\u00eam os mesmos riscos para a sa\u00fade que qualquer outro tipo de terapia hormonal.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"toxicology-evidence\/supporting\">Evid\u00eancias toxicol\u00f3gicas\/elementos comprovativos<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os estudos que examinaram o impacto da THS em macacos e ratos mostraram que a administra\u00e7\u00e3o de estrog\u00e9nio + progestina aumentou o risco de cancro da mama (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15351099\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clarkson et al.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"iarc-carcinogen-classification\"><strong><i>Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o carcinog\u00e9nica do CIIC:<\/i><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Grupo 1 (cancer\u00edgeno para o ser humano)<\/span><\/h4>\n<h3 id=\"how-to-reduce-your-risk\">Como reduzir o risco<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qualquer decis\u00e3o de usar estrog\u00e9nio, sozinho ou em combina\u00e7\u00e3o com uma terapia de progestina, deve ser tomada por cada mulher e o seu m\u00e9dico ap\u00f3s ponderar os riscos e os benef\u00edcios <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/cancer-causes\/medical-treatments\/menopausal-hormone-replacement-therapy-and-cancer-risk.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(ACS)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Alguns fatores a ter em considera\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o o risco inicial de cancro da mama, do endom\u00e9trio e dos ov\u00e1rios (e como isso pode ser afetado pela terapia hormonal); o risco de outras doen\u00e7as graves afetadas pela terapia hormonal (exemplo: doen\u00e7as card\u00edacas, acidente vascular cerebral, co\u00e1gulos sangu\u00edneos graves e efeitos no c\u00e9rebro); e que outros medicamentos podem ser usados para tratar a osteoporose ou os sintomas da menopausa. Se for tomada a decis\u00e3o de tomar THS, \u00e9 aconselh\u00e1vel us\u00e1-la na dose mais baixa necess\u00e1ria, durante o menor tempo poss\u00edvel, e continuar a consultar o seu m\u00e9dico regularmente para que este possa monitoriz\u00e1-la quanto aos efeitos colaterais <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/cancer-causes\/medical-treatments\/menopausal-hormone-replacement-therapy-and-cancer-risk.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(ACS)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nota: todas as mulheres devem comunicar imediatamente qualquer sangramento vaginal que ocorra ap\u00f3s a menopausa; pode ser um sinal de cancro do endom\u00e9trio. Mesmo que o seu risco n\u00e3o seja elevado, ainda tem a possibilidade de ter cancro do endom\u00e9trio.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"bottom-line\">Conclus\u00e3o<\/h3>\n<p>A THS pode aumentar o risco de cancro da mama, do endom\u00e9trio e\/ou dos ov\u00e1rios. Fale com o seu m\u00e9dico antes de tomar uma decis\u00e3o sobre a terapia hormonal de substitui\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sources-and-links-for-more-inf\">Saiba mais nestas fontes fidedignas<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/cancer-causes\/medical-treatments\/menopausal-hormone-replacement-therapy-and-cancer-risk.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Cancer Society (ACS): THS (em ingl\u00eas)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.breastcancer.org\/risk\/risk-factors\/using-hormone-replacement-therapy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BreastCancer.org: THS (em ingl\u00eas)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/hormones\/mht-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Cancer Institute (NCI): THS (em ingl\u00eas)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdanderson.org\/publications\/focused-on-health\/hormones-and-cancer-whats-the-link.h30Z1591413.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MD Anderson: As hormonas e o cancro (em ingl\u00eas)<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"date\">Data<\/h3>\n<p>Publica\u00e7\u00e3o: 10 de junho de 2021<br \/>\nVerifica\u00e7\u00e3o\/atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o: 22 de agosto de 2022<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-2{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[305],"tags":[124,122,201,199,221],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2162"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2162"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2162\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4032,"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2162\/revisions\/4032"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2162"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2162"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2162"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}