{"id":2205,"date":"2022-03-29T12:41:04","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T12:41:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/sem-categoria\/pilulas-contracetivas\/"},"modified":"2023-04-11T19:32:47","modified_gmt":"2023-04-11T19:32:47","slug":"pilulas-contracetivas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/procedimentos-de-exposicao-medica\/pilulas-contracetivas\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00edlulas contracetivas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container claim-key-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0 0 1px 0;border-color:#002b5f;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_4_5 4_5 fusion-flex-column claim-key-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 claim-key-content\"><p><img class=\"alignleft wp-image-167\" src=\"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/true.svg\" alt=\"C\u00edrculo verde com ponto de interroga\u00e7\u00e3o no interior\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/> Muito provavelmente ou definitivamente verdadeiro<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignleft wp-image-166\" src=\"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/false.svg\" alt=\"C\u00edrculo vermelho com X no interior\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>Falso\/ desinforma\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignleft wp-image-168\" src=\"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/unsure.svg\" alt=\"C\u00edrculo cinzento com ponto de interroga\u00e7\u00e3o no interior\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>Ainda n\u00e3o temos a certeza<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:80% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 2.4%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 2.4%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:80% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 2.4%;margin-left : 2.4%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column claim-key-button-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><style>.fusion-button.button-1{border-radius:50px 50px 50px 50px;}<\/style><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type claim-key-button\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/pesquisar-no-factfinder\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text\">Altere ou aperfei\u00e7oe a pesquisa<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:20% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 9.6%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 9.6%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:20% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 9.6%;margin-left : 9.6%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-1{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#e2e2e2;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h2 id=\"enter-claim-here\">As p\u00edlulas contracetivas (contracetivos orais) provocam cancro<\/h2>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3 factfinder-entry-text\"><h3 id=\"o-que-pode-ter-ouvido\">O que pode ter ouvido<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As pessoas que tomam p\u00edlulas contracetivas t\u00eam um risco maior de desenvolver cancro. <\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"what-science-tells-us\">O que nos diz a ci\u00eancia<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As p\u00edlulas contracetivas s\u00e3o utilizadas para prevenir a gravidez e cont\u00eam duas hormonas: estrog\u00e9nio e progesterona que ajudam a regular o ciclo menstrual (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/drugs\/3977-birth-control-the-pill\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cleveland Clinic<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). As p\u00edlulas contracetivas previnem a gravidez, interrompendo a ovula\u00e7\u00e3o e impedindo que o esperma penetre no colo do \u00fatero. \u00c9 o tipo de contracetivo oral mais frequentemente receitado nos Estados Unidos (muitas vezes designado simplesmente por \u201cp\u00edlula\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"evid\u00eancias-epidemiol\u00f3gicas\">Evid\u00eancias epidemiol\u00f3gicas<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As evid\u00eancias sobre as p\u00edlulas contracetivas e o cancro s\u00e3o variadas, dependendo do tipo de cancro: os contracetivos orais aumentam ligeiramente o risco de cancro da mama e do colo do \u00fatero, mas diminuem o risco de cancro de endom\u00e9trio, dos ov\u00e1rios e colorretal.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mama: as mulheres que j\u00e1 usaram contracetivos orais t\u00eam um ligeiro aumento (7%) em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com as mulheres que nunca usaram contracetivos orais. As mulheres que usam atualmente contracetivos orais t\u00eam um aumento de 24% no risco. O risco de cancro da mama tamb\u00e9m aumenta com o aumento do tempo de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o dos contracetivos orais (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/hormones\/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCI<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Colo do \u00fatero: as mulheres que usaram contracetivos orais durante 5 ou mais anos t\u00eam um risco maior de cancro do colo do \u00fatero do que as mulheres que nunca usaram p\u00edlulas contracetivas. Quanto mais tempo uma mulher usar contracetivos orais, maior o risco de cancro do colo do \u00fatero (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/hormones\/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCI<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Endom\u00e9trio (uterino): as mulheres que j\u00e1 usaram contracetivos orais t\u00eam uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o de 30% no risco de cancro do endom\u00e9trio (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/hormones\/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCI<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Este efeito protetor continua durante muitos anos ap\u00f3s a mulher deixar de usar contracetivos orais.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ov\u00e1rios: o uso de contracetivos orais provoca um risco 30 a 50% menor de cancro dos ov\u00e1rio em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com as mulheres que nunca usaram contracetivos orais (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/hormones\/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCI<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Esta prote\u00e7\u00e3o aumenta com o tempo de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de contracetivos orais.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Colorretal: os contracetivos orais diminuem o risco de cancro colorretal em 15% a 20% (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/hormones\/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCI<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"evid\u00eancias-laboratoriais\/elem\">Evid\u00eancias laboratoriais\/elementos comprovativos<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As exposi\u00e7\u00f5es hormonais em estudos de laborat\u00f3rio e em animais t\u00eam efeitos nas c\u00e9lulas e tecidos que s\u00e3o geralmente consistentes com as evid\u00eancias epidemiol\u00f3gicas. <\/span><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"classifica\u00e7\u00e3o-carcinog\u00e9nica\"><strong><i>Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o carcinog\u00e9nica do CIIC:<\/i><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Grupo 1 (Cancer\u00edgeno para o ser humano)<\/span><\/h4>\n<h3 id=\"how-to-reduce-your-risk\">Como reduzir o risco<\/h3>\n<p>Fale com o seu m\u00e9dico sobre todas as op\u00e7\u00f5es contracetivas e os riscos potenciais antes de tomar uma decis\u00e3o. A sua idade, peso, historial reprodutivo e historial familiar podem constituir um risco para alguns cancros ginecol\u00f3gicos. As p\u00edlulas contracetivas podem aumentar o risco nas mulheres de outros problemas de sa\u00fade, como co\u00e1gulos sangu\u00edneos, doen\u00e7as card\u00edacas e acidentes vasculares cerebrais (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdanderson.org\/publications\/focused-on-health\/birth-control-pill-and-cancer-risk.h28Z1590624.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MD Anderson<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Existem fatores de risco de cancro maiores do que os contracetivos orais. Por exemplo, existem mais casos de cancro do colo do \u00fatero causados pelo papilomav\u00edrus humano (VPH) do que pela toma da p\u00edlula e mais casos de cancro da mama causados por m\u00e1 alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o e baixos n\u00edveis de atividade f\u00edsica do que pelos contracetivos orais (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdanderson.org\/publications\/focused-on-health\/birth-control-pill-and-cancer-risk.h28Z1590624.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MD Anderson<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Por fim, existem muitas outras op\u00e7\u00f5es contracetivas que n\u00e3o afetam o risco de cancro. Por exemplo, os dispositivos intrauterinos n\u00e3o hormonais (DIU) s\u00e3o pequenos dispositivos de metal ou pl\u00e1stico que s\u00e3o colocados no \u00fatero por um ginecologista para evitar a gravidez (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mskcc.org\/news\/birth-control-and-cancer-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MSK<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"bottom-line\">Conclus\u00e3o<\/h3>\n<p>Os contracetivos orais aumentam ligeiramente o risco de cancro da mama e do colo do \u00fatero, mas diminuem o risco de cancro de endom\u00e9trio, dos ov\u00e1rios e colorretal. Fale com o seu m\u00e9dico para encontrar o melhor contracetivo para si.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sources-and-links-for-more-inf\">Saiba mais nestas fontes fidedignas<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/hormones\/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Cancer Institute (NCI): Contracetivos orais (em ingl\u00eas)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdanderson.org\/publications\/focused-on-health\/birth-control-pill-and-cancer-risk.h28Z1590624.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MD Anderson: O cancro e a p\u00edlula (em ingl\u00eas)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mskcc.org\/news\/birth-control-and-cancer-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK): M\u00e9todos contracetivos e risco de cancro (em ingl\u00eas)<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"date\">Data<\/h3>\n<p>Publica\u00e7\u00e3o: 29 de junho de 2021<br \/>\nVerifica\u00e7\u00e3o\/atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o: 22 de agosto de 2022<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-2{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[305],"tags":[124,121,122,201,199,221],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2205"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2205"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2205\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4030,"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2205\/revisions\/4030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2205"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2205"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cancerfactfinder.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}