What you may have heard
Brominated vegetable oil (BVO) has been linked to cancer.
What science tells us
Brominated vegetable oil (BVO) is a food additive, made from vegetable oil modified with bromine that is used in some soft drinks to keep citrus flavoring from separating. BVO can accumulate in body fat, as well as the liver, heart, and brain, leading to bromine toxicity. This can cause central nervous system damage, headaches, nausea, memory loss, and loss of coordination. The FDA has proposed banning BVO’s use in food due to potential health risks. BVO has been banned in several countries including the UK, India, the EU, Japan, and was recently banned from foods and beverages sold in California.
Epidemiological Evidence
Limited human studies have been conducted, but significant concerns arise from animal studies. No strong epidemiological evidence links BVO to cancer in humans directly.
Laboratory Evidence/Supporting Evidence
Animal studies show significant increases in bromide levels in the blood and tissues, affecting the thyroid gland (Woodling et al., 2022).
IARC Carcinogen Classification
Not classified, but related compounds are under scrutiny.
How to reduce your risk
Avoid beverages that list BVO as an ingredient. Check labels on soft drinks and opt for alternatives without BVO. Choosing water over soda is one of the simplest and most effective ways to reduce your risk. By choosing water, you avoid the potential health risks associated with additives like BVO and reduce your intake of unnecessary sugars and calories.
Bottom line
While human studies linking BVO and cancer are limited, the evidence from animal studies suggests avoiding BVO is important due to potential health risks.