What you may have heard
Fluoride, which is commonly added to drinking water to prevent tooth decay, is linked to an increased risk of cancer.
What the science tells us
Epidemiological Evidence:
Numerous large-scale epidemiological studies have investigated the possible connection between fluoride levels in drinking water and cancer rates. Most of these studies have not found a strong, consistent link between fluoride and cancer. Differences in study design and populations make it challenging to draw definitive conclusions.
Laboratory Evidence/Supporting Evidence:
Laboratory studies, including those conducted by the National Toxicology Program, have produced mixed results. For example, some studies found increased rates of osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer, in male rats exposed to high levels of fluoride, but these findings have not been consistently reproduced in humans.
IARC Carcinogen Classification:
Not Classified
How to reduce your risk
For those who are concerned about excessive fluoride exposure, some simple steps to help manage and reduce your fluoride intake follow.
- If you use public water, contact your local water supplier for fluoride levels. If your water has high fluoride levels, consider drinking bottled water with lower fluoride or using water filters that remove fluoride.
- Follow guidelines when using fluoride toothpaste, especially for children. Use a pea-sized amount for kids under six and supervise to prevent swallowing. Consult a dentist for advice on fluoride use for children under two.
Bottom line
Current scientific evidence does not support a strong link between fluoride in drinking water and cancer risk. While some studies have suggested a potential connection, the overall consensus from health organizations is that fluoride is safe and effective in preventing dental decay at recommended levels. Ongoing research continues to monitor and evaluate the potential health effects of fluoride exposure.