What you may have heard
Propylparaben is a type of paraben used as a preservative and may cause cancer.
What science tells us
Propylparaben is a preservative used in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics to prevent mold and bacterial growth. Some animal studies suggest that parabens can mimic estrogen, a hormone linked to breast cancer. However, extensive research has not found strong evidence that parabens, including propylparaben, cause breast cancer in humans. The FDA considers propylparaben safe at low levels but continues to monitor its safety.
Epidemiological Evidence
The evidence on propylparaben’s cancer risk in humans is limited and inconclusive.
Laboratory Evidence/Supporting Evidence
A 2023 study found that chronic exposure to low levels of propylparaben increased breast cancer growth and spread in mice. Mice exposed to propylparaben had larger tumors and more cancer spread to their lungs compared to unexposed mice (Tong et al., 2023).
IARC Carcinogen Classification:
Not classified.
How to reduce your risk
Although it is not classified as a carcinogen, choose products labeled as paraben-free and limit exposure to cosmetics and foods containing propylparaben.
Bottom line
The evidence is not conclusive. Limiting exposure to propylparaben as a precaution is advisable.