What you may have heard
Getting a tattoo can directly lead to cancer.
What science tells us
Epidemiological Evidence
Several studies have explored the potential link between tattoos and cancer. For instance, researchers at Lund University in Sweden investigated the association between tattoo exposure and malignant lymphoma using data from people diagnosed with lymphoma between 2007 and 2017. The study found that tattooed individuals had a 21% higher risk of developing malignant lymphoma compared to non-tattooed individuals. However, these findings are not conclusive and further research is needed to establish a definitive link.
Laboratory Evidence/Supporting Evidence
Laboratory tests have confirmed that many tattoo inks contain harmful substances. For example, black ink has been found to contain high levels of benzo(a)pyrene, a known carcinogen. Studies have shown that these substances can migrate from the tattoo site to lymph nodes and other parts of the body, raising potential health concerns. The Australian Government’s Department of Health, through the National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS), reported that many tattoo inks contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other hazardous components like barium, copper, and mercury.
IARC Carcinogen Classification
The IARC has classified certain chemicals found in tattoo inks as known or possible carcinogens. This includes substances like PAHs, which are present in many black inks.
How to reduce your risk
- Choose Reputable Tattoo Parlors: Ensure the parlor follows strict hygiene practices and uses high-quality, safe inks.
- Ask About Ink Safety: Inquire if the inks comply with safety standards such as the European ResAP(2008)1.
- Avoid Tattoos Over Moles: Do not get tattoos over existing moles or skin abnormalities, as this can hinder the detection of skin changes.
- Consider the Location and Size: Larger tattoos or those in sensitive areas may pose higher risks.
Bottom line
The claim that tattoos cause cancer is not definitively proven, but there are valid concerns about the potential risks associated with certain tattoo inks. It’s important to stay informed and take precautions if you choose to get tattooed. Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term health effects of tattoos.
To watch a short video on tattoos and cancer risk, click play on the video from Mt. Sinai Hospital below.